Aluminum Temper Chart

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Aluminium Temper Designations for Bars

Temper Designation	Description	Properties	Typical Tensile Strength (MPa)	Common Applications
F (As Fabricated)	No control over the mechanical or thermal conditions	Natural state, no specific properties, variable	Varies based on alloy used	Forging, extrusions where mechanical properties are not critical
O (Annealed)	Annealed to achieve maximum ductility	Softest condition, maximum flexibility, low strength	50–120 MPa	Deep drawing, bending, applications requiring maximum formability
H111	Annealed and slightly strain-hardened	Slight strain hardening	Varies	Stretching, levelling, light fabrication
H112	Slightly strain-hardened from elevated temperature work	Moderate increase in strength	Varies	Limited cold work during production
H114	Embossed or patterned sheet/strip in a hardened temper	Textured surface, moderate strength	Varies	Architectural and decorative uses
H12 (1/4 Hard)	Strain-hardened to quarter hardness	Slightly increased strength, good ductility	130–190 MPa	General fabrication, architectural structures
H14 (1/2 Hard)	Strain-hardened to half hardness	Moderate strength, good flexibility	150–220 MPa	Roofing, cladding, pressure vessels
H16 (3/4 Hard)	Strain-hardened to three-quarter hardness	Higher strength, reduced ductility	200–250 MPa	Automotive panels, marine structures
H18 (Full Hard)	Strain-hardened to full hardness	Maximum strength, least ductility	220–290 MPa	Aerospace, automotive, high-stress applications
H19 (Extra Hard)	Strain-hardened to extra hard	Highest strength, minimal ductility	Varies	High-stress industrial applications
H22 (1/4 Hard, Partially Annealed)	Strain-hardened and partially annealed	Balance of strength and flexibility	120–180 MPa	Structural applications, pressure vessels
H24 (1/2 Hard, Partially Annealed)	Strain-hardened and partially annealed	Moderate strength, good flexibility	160–210 MPa	Electrical enclosures, general engineering
H244	Embossed or patterned sheet/strip in H24 temper	Textured surface, moderate strength	Varies	Architectural and decorative uses
H32 (1/4 Hard, Stabilized)	Strain-hardened and stabilized	Improved corrosion resistance	Varies	Structural components exposed to corrosion
H34 (1/2 Hard, Stabilized)	Strain-hardened and stabilized	Good strength and corrosion resistance	Varies	Marine, architectural applications
H42 (1/4 Hard, Painted)	Strain-hardened and painted or lacquered	Decorative finish, moderate strength	Varies	Panels, cladding with added aesthetic value
H44 (1/2 Hard, Painted)	Strain-hardened and painted or lacquered	Decorative finish, good strength	Varies	Architectural and exterior applications
T1	Cooled from elevated temperature, naturally aged	Strength achieved by natural aging	Varies	Structural and framing applications
T3	Solution heat-treated, cold worked, naturally aged	High strength, moderate ductility	240–320 MPa	Aircraft structures, automotive components
T351	Solution heat-treated, stress-relieved by controlled stretching, naturally aged	Dimensional stability, high strength	320–380 MPa	Precision machining, dies, moulds
T3510	Same as T351 but applies to extruded products	High stability and strength	Varies	Extruded rod, bar, shapes, tubes
T4	Solution heat-treated and naturally aged	Good formability, moderate strength	240–320 MPa	Aerospace, automotive
T451	Solution heat-treated, stress-relieved by controlled stretching, naturally aged	Dimensional stability, high strength	Varies	Rolled or cold-finished rod, bar
T4511	Same as T4510 but with minor straightening allowed	High strength, corrected alignment	Varies	Rod, bar, tubes, extruded products
T5	Cooled from elevated temperature and artificially aged	High strength after artificial aging	290–350 MPa	Structural components, heavy-duty uses
T6	Solution heat-treated and artificially aged	High strength, good toughness	290–350 MPa	Aerospace frames, truck bodies
T651	Solution heat-treated, stress-relieved by stretching, artificially aged	High strength, dimensional stability	320–380 MPa	Precision machining, aerospace structures
T6510	Same as T651 but applies to extruded products	High strength, corrosion resistance	Varies	Extruded rod, bar, shapes, and tube
T6511	Same as T6510 but allows minor straightening	Corrected alignment for extruded parts	Varies	Precision-engineered parts
T66	Solution heat-treated and artificially aged for higher strength	Maximum strength through special control	Varies	Structural and engineering applications (6000 series alloys)
T7	Solution heat-treated and artificially overaged	Best corrosion resistance, lower strength	Varies	Stress corrosion applications
T73	Solution heat-treated and overaged for best corrosion resistance	Excellent stress corrosion resistance	Varies	Marine, high-corrosion environments
T7351	Solution heat-treated, stress-relieved by stretching, overaged	Best stress corrosion resistance	Varies	Aerospace, high-performance applications
T7451	Solution heat-treated, stress-relieved by stretching, intermediate overaged	Balance of strength and corrosion resistance	Varies	Aerospace components, heavy-duty structures
T8	Solution heat-treated, cold worked, and artificially aged	High strength, good toughness	Varies	Aircraft parts, precision-engineered components
T9	Solution heat-treated, artificially aged, then cold worked	High strength, improved fatigue resistance	Varies	High-stress industrial applications